Pain Points and Solutions in Current High-Density, High-Nutrition Intensity Aquaculture

01. Liver Disease in Carnivorous Fish such as California Bass

• Feed Characteristics: High protein (46-51%), high fat (>12%). Liver damage occurs with excessive feeding.
• Overuse of hepatoprotective products leads to drug-induced liver damage.
• Weakened disease resistance, making the fish susceptible to secondary or concurrent infections by pathogens like Nocardia spp. and iridovirus, resulting in mass mortality in severe cases.
• Long-term use of liver-protecting drugs leads to immunological fatigue.

02. Viral Diseases in Omnivorous Fish such as Carp, Crucian Carp, and Tilapia

• Nutritional

• Current Situation: Growth speed has increased; feed conversion ratio (FCR) has decreased.
• Reduced Daily Feeding Rate: Has dropped from ~3% to ~1.6% of body weight. However, once feeding amounts are increased, large-scale fish mortality easily erupts (commonly referred to in the industry as "Carp Herpesvirus," "Crucian Carp Severe Red Gill Disease," or "Tilapia Streptococcosis").

The eyeballs of the fish are sunken, the head is atrophic, and the head and back are blackened

Common carp herpesvirus

03. Common disease of grass carp (plant-eating): hepatobiliary syndrome

• Grass carp were initially raised using green grass as feed. However, after the 1990s, when complete pellet feed was introduced, the survival rate was low. Currently, there has been some improvement.
• The current main issue is that after increasing the feeding amount, severe liver damage occurs, leading to a large number of deaths. This phenomenon is commonly referred to in the industry as "hepatobiliary syndrome"

04. Common disease of crustaceans (taking Penaeus vannamei as an example): hepatopancreatic necrosis

• High-nutrient concentration shrimp feed, with slightly excessive feeding amount → hepatopancreatic necrosis disease

Commonality:

1. The concentration of crude fat in the feed is too high
2. The feeding amount has decreased, and any slight increase can lead to death
3. The body's disease resistance decreases, making it prone to secondary and concurrent viral diseases.

Main Reason

• Fat nutrition and metabolism disorders: Although fat can ensure essential physiological functions, excessive intake can still lead to various metabolic disorders and the occurrence of chronic diseases.
• Fish and shrimp: liver and gallbladder diseases; immune system dysfunction;
• Abnormal environmental control: water temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, pH, ammonia nitrogen, nitrite, hydrogen sulfide, residual chlorine, etc
• Endotoxins, exotoxins, free radicals, etc. in the body.

Solution

• Exogenous supplementation of bile acids and conjugates promotes the digestion and absorption of fat, addresses issues related to fat nutrition and metabolism, increases fatness, reduces visceral fat ratio, enhances intramuscular fat, and improves carcass yield.
• Specifically formulated with natural plant extracts and antioxidants that break down toxins and free radicals, it promotes the health of aquatic animals' liver and gallbladder, enhances their stress resistance, and increases survival rates.

Popular science tips

1. The absorption process of fat

2. The enterohepatic circulation of bile acids